Skin Care

Body Odour

Body odour is the term used to refer to an unpleasant, offensive and very irritating smell emanating from either the mouth, armpit, private part, torso or the feet. It affects everyone at one time or another. Although, body odour is common, the smell is considered offensive, depressing and can lead to isolation, feelings of shame or embarrassment, low self-esteem, frustration, anxiety and emotional pain, if not immediately treated.
Body odour originates from the metabolic process of bacteria (mainly coryne-bacteria and micro-cocci), which breakdown organic substances found on the skin, in sweat or on clothings. These odour-causing bacteria flourish in moist-warm areas, which contribute to the reasons why most prevalent body odours are found in the armpits, torso, private parts and the feet, because they form a perfect warm and moist breeding grounds for any bacteria. Moisture or sweat can collect or form in these areas and cannot readily evaporate. It is important to note that bacteria cover every surface of the skin and are inside the pores and our sweat glands. They are everywhere even in the air and in everything we touch. These bacteria can be classified into two:

i) The good / friendly bacteria; and
ii) The bad / unfriendly bacteria.
Due to the natural balance of these bacteria in the body, the bad / unfriendly bacteria are not present in sufficient numbers to cause disease like pneumonia, certain ulcers and persistent excessive odour. They are much in large numbers and in higher concentrations in the bodies of those who have body odour problems.


What is Sweat or Perspiration?
Sweat perspiration is the liquid, fluid or substance, which arises from the constant exposition of the body to hot weather, strenuous duty assignments, anxiety or stress.

Types of Sweat Glands:
i) Eccrine sweat gland; and
ii) Apocrine sweat glands.

Eccrine sweat is a clear, odourless sweat, which appears all over the body, while performing the vital role of regulating body temperature. There are between 2 million and 5 million eccrine sweat glands. When the body temperature rises, the autonomic nervous system stimulates these glands to secrete fluid onto the surface of the skin, where it cools the body as it evaporates. This fluid (perspiration) is composed mainly of water and salt (soldium chloride) and contains some amounts of electrolytes-substances that help regulate the balance of fluids in the body system.
Apocrine sweat, on the other hand, is a thicker substance produced by glands or that which develops in areas abundant in hair follicles such as the scalp, groin and the genital areas of the body. Apocrine sweat glands secrete fatty sweat directly into the tubule contracts and the sweat is pushed to the surface of the skin where bacteria begin breaking it down. It is also odourless until bad/unfriendly bacteria on the skin’s surface act upon it and the resultant effect of this unholy union gives rise to what is known as body odour.
Some people have the propensity to sweat or perspire heavily while some sweat very little and yet some do not sweat at all. Each of these three conditions have some dangers in them except a remarkable balance is arrived at. The condition of sweating or perspiring heavily referred to as “hyperhidrosis” while the other two conditions are referred to as “anhidrosis”. Hyperdrosis, i.e. excessive sweating, can be embarrassing and may sometimes signal serious health problems. While Anhidrosis, on the other hand, is potentially life threatening.

Why do some people sweat more than others?
A number of factors can affect how much you sweat or the way your sweat smells:
1. Heredity: Some people inherits the tendency to sweat excessively especially on their palms, torso areas and the soles of their feet;

2. Certain foods and beverages: Drinking hots beverages and those that contain caffeine or alcohol can make you sweat heavily. In addition to this, eating spicy foods have the same effects;

3. Certain drugs can contribute to sweating tendency: drugs that can cause excessive sweating include: some antipsychotic medications used to treat mental disorders, morphine and excess doses of the thyroid hormone thyroxin; also, over doses of analgesics such as: aspirin and acetaminophen (Tylenol and others) can cause intense sweating;

4. Menopause: Women going through menopause may experience hot flashes i.e. a rise in skin temperature accompanied by sweating and a feeling of intense heat due to a drop in estrogen levels. Some menopausal women may also be awakened at nights by soaking sweats followed by chills;

5. Low blood levels of male hormones: Men with low levels of the male hormones “testosterone” or a condition known as “hypogonadism” which causes a reduced functioning of the testicles, can have hot flashes;

6. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia): This occurs when the sugar level in the blood, drops below a certain level. It is most common in people with diabetes, who take insulin or oral medications that enhance the action of the insulin. Early signs and symptoms include: sweating, shakiness, weakness, hunger, dizziness and nausea. Some people may develop low blood sugar after eating especially, if they have had stomach or intestinal surgery. In rare cases, the body may produce too much of the pancreatic hormone insulin, leading to low blood sugar;

7. Fevers: A fever occurs when the body temperature rises above its normal range. You may have a fever with many types of bacteria and viral infections ranging from a mild case of the flu to serious illness such as pneumonia. When the body temperature finally begins to return to normal, you may sweat profusely, which is your body’s way of dissipating off the excess heat;

8. Over-active thyroid (hyperthyroidism): Sometimes, the thyroid gland produces excess amounts of the hormone thyroxine. This can cause a number of signs and symptoms including weight loss, a rapid or irregular heart beat, nervousness and increased sensitivity to heat. It may also cause you to perspire much more than normal;

9. Heat attack: This occurs when a loss of blood supply damages part of your heart muscle. It may sometimes be fatal. The symptoms of heat attack includes: Pressure, fullness or squeezing pain in your chest that lasts for a few minutes or pain that extends beyond your chest to your shoulder, arm or back; shortness of breath and intense sweating. If you experience these symptoms,, get immediate medical care because, every minute counts after a heart attack;

10. Tuberculosis: When left untreated, tuberculosis can be fatal. Among its sign and symptoms are: a cough, slight fever and night sweats;

11. Malaria: More than two hundred million people Worldwide have malaria – a disease that occurs primarily in rural areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The symptoms are related to the life cycle of the parasite that cause malaria and may begin anywhere from eight days to one year after you have been infected. Initially, you may have chills, headache, vomiting and nausea, but as your body temperature falls, you begin to sweat profusely. The cycle may recur every forty-eight to seventy-two hours; and

12. Certain types of Cancer: Leukemia and lymphoma can produce very unusual sweating patterns.

Why do some people experience little or no sweat at all?

1. Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED): Children with this rare disorder are born without sweat glands which puts them at high risk of death from over heating (hypothermia) especially in hot environments;

2. Autonomic Neuropathy: This disorder damages the nerves that help control some of the involuntary functions of the autonomic nerve system which regulates your internal organs, sweat glands and blood pressure. Damages to these nerves can interfere with the activities of your sweat glands making it hard for your body to maintain its normal temperature.

3. Infections: Severe infections of the sweat glands such as “hidradenitis” may prevent the glands from functioning normally;

4. Burns: Major (third degree) burns-either from fire, chemicals or electricity can damage the skin as well as the sweat glands, muscles and even bones;

5. Dehydration: This occurs when you do not have enough water in the body to carry on normal functions. You can easily become dehydrated when you work or exercise in hot weather and don’t drink enough fluids to replace what you have lost through perspiration.Other common causes of dehydration include: persistent vomiting, diarrhea, the use of medications that increase the flow of urine (diuretics). Signs and symptoms may include: thirst, weakness and confusion;

6. Heat Stroke: Like dehydration, heatstroke can occur when you work or exercise strenuously in hot weather without drinking enough water or other fluids to replace the fluids lost. The main heat stroke sign is a high temperature, generally higher than 104F with hot, dry skin and confusion or even coma; and

7. Certain Drugs: As mentioned above, antipsychotic medications used to treat serious mental disorders may affect the functioning of the sweat glands.

How do I know if I have body odour?
Some people may be in doubt whether they have body odour or not, even when they experience the sign around them. Well, if you are in this group, do the following:
i. Call a loved one, an intimate friend or a relation, get close to him or her and ask him or her to determine your odour status;
ii. In the same vein, ask a love one to stand at a spot. Pretend as if you are walking past him or her. If the smell accompanying the breeze that comes after you have walked past him or her pleasant to him or her, you don’t have odour, otherwise your odour status is irritating;
iii. Finally, if you find the reactions from these two approaches irritating due to shame, invite a child to give you the responses in place of adults, as children are believed to be fair in judgments and give unbiased answers to issues of this nature.

What are the sources of odour to the body?

Having known your odour status from the above, we shall proceed to know the areas of the body that habours odour. Dermatologists have recently agreed that a traceable amount of odour (though insignificant) can be linked to:

(a) The head itself and the hair on it:
i. When the hair on the head is regularly wetted with water while taking your bathe (women) or by rain, it provides easy breeding grounds for bad/unfriendly bacteria on the skin which causes odour;
ii. When there are long and untreated sores in the head sustained from using drier, relaxer creams (women) or other forms of cuts. Are you experiencing hair loss? Click here;


(b) The Ear:
i. Accumulated wax or dirt arising from long and uncared for ears, emits some form of odour; and
ii. Mucus in the ear arising from long and untreated damaged or injured eardrum or any other part of the ear.
Other sources of odour to the body, which Dermatologists, Scientists, Researchers and other health care providers agree to, are traceable to:

a) The Mouth:
i) Due to the accumulated whitish substance (reflex gag) on the inner part of the tongue (posterior);
ii) Long and untreated decay on the gums or holes created by bacteria otherwise known as ‘periodontal pockets;
iii) Dentures that are not properly taken care of by those who use it; and
iv) Sinus and other medical conditions can immensely cause odour to the body.

b) The Armpit:
i) Unshaved hair in the armpits can trap and accumulate a lot of dirts and sweat which contribute to odour to the body;
ii) Apocrine sweat emitted through the armpit, mixing up with the bad/unfriendly bacteria in the skin will produce offensive odour to the body;

c) The Torso areas of the body:
Torso is a word used to refer to the parts of the body without the head and the limbs. These parts produce sweat especially as you engage in exercises and daily strenuous activities and if not properly cared for, magnets odour causing bacteria;

d) The Private parts:
For the purpose of this discussion, I will like to divide this point-the private parts into two compartments. The first one is the frontal part habouring the genitals while the second one is the buttocks habouring the anus.
i) The Compartment in the front has a lot of hair and if not regularly trimmed or shaved, will cause a lot of sweat and invite bad/unfriendly bacteria on the skin and once this union is solemnized, odour occurs;
ii) Another area that habours odour in the body is the vagina (women) due to birth related problems, life styles, douching, poor hygiene, vagina infections, etc;
iii) It is one of the basic characteristics of living things to excrete (pass out faeces) and as we do this, if the anus is not properly cleaned, some remnants of faeces, may gum or stick on to the anus, hair in the anus area of the buttocks, pants or clothes and eventually become an odour source to the body;

e) The Clothes we put on:
i) If the clothes we put on per time or regularly are dirty, definitely, it will contribute to odour to the body.
ii) Improper washing of clothes or not allowing clothes to dry up very well before putting them on, can equally contribute to odour; and

f) The Feet:
i) If the feet are not regularly exposed to drying agent like air, it becomes moist and as soon as bad/unfriendly bacteria on the skin mixes up with this moisture, odour related smells will emanate from there;
ii) If the socks we put on are not dry, the same thing as above is likely to take place.
From the foregoing; it will be safe for us to conclude that the major areas that emit odour to the body are:
a) The Armpits;
b) The Torso;
c) The private parts especially the Vagina; and
d) The Feet itself.

What causes body odour?

For the purpose of clarity and better understanding, the causes of body odour are as outlined below:
1. Poor hygiene habits;
2. Nervousness;
3. Stress;
4. Excessive Sweating;
5. Anxiety;
6. Detoxification;
7. Poor Diet;
8. Cigarette Smoking;
9. Drinking of alcohol;
10. Bad Gene
11. Irregular bathing pattern;
12. Dirty clothing;
13. Rapid changes in the hormone levels and sweat glands growth in adolescents causes odour to them;
14. When you have kidney, liver or fungal diseases, odour is bound to be present;
15. Gastrointestinal abnormalities can give the skin a very unusual smell;
16. People with Diabetes and urinary infections are susceptible to body odour;
17. Diseases of the past e.g. Vitamin C deficiency, scurvy and typhoid fever contribute to body odour;
18. Poor digestion: Congested digestive tract can cause bad breath, body odour and many other health problems. Consult your doctor immediately as he or she may be interested in knowing whether you have regular headaches, whether you often burp or gas, whether you often feel bloated, whether you often get constipated, whether you often have diarrhea, whether you have mucus in your stools, whether you have food sensitivities, whether you have trouble sleeping, whether you have weight problems or whether you have hemorrhoids, etc.
19. Certain pungent foods like garlic can find its way into your body through the pores on the skin and ultimately cause odour.
20. Constant douching (women) i.e. the process of washing the vagina with water, baking soda or other solutions causes odour;
21. Vagina related diseases such as: Vulvovaginitis/vaginitis comprising: bacteria vaginosis (Bv), trichomoniasis (tricho), mild vulva, yeast infections, and atrophic vaginitis;
22. Strenuous exercises especially in hot weather increase the chances of getting odour especially when the sweat dries up on the skin or clothes used;
23. Environment and chosen lifestyle of some people can influence their susceptibility to having body odour;
24. Unholy union of bad/unfriendly bacteria on the skin surface with sweat causes odour to the body;
25. Skin diseases like eczyma carries strange and offensive odour of its own and therefore, add a substantial amount of odour to the body; and
26. Improper use of certain drugs or constant use of poorly prepared creams, lotions and perfumes contribute to body odour.
27. Untreated, poorly treated or festering sore(s) in any part of the body can contribute a substantial amount of odour to the body.

How do we prevent or cure body odour?

The secret of combating or eliminating body odour is to inhibit the body’s ability to produce sweat and reduce the number of bad/unfriendly bacteria which seek union with the sweat to the barest minimum. To successfully win this war on body odour, we must religiously do the following:

1. Bathe at least twice daily with antibacterial or deodorant soaps as they are generally believed to have power to kill the bad/unfriendly bacteria on the skin, causing odour to the body;
2. Alternatively, wash the areas habouring odour in your body with acne cleansers such as those containing ‘benzoyl peroxide’ which have very strong antibacterial properties. Caution should be exercised as excessive use may cause drying of the skin and irritation. Some Neospirin or antibacterial ointments is equally recommended for use and rub body cream all over your body ;
3. Freshen up regularly: During the day, try to take a quick bathe concentrating on the armpits, private parts and the feet (rub antioxidant cream) to enable you put in check, the odorous materials which have formed as well as those that will be formed;
4. Use deodorants that contain antibacterial metallic salts (aluminum or zinc) as it is believed to have power to kill odour causing bacteria;
5. Use Antiperspirants: Antiperspirant containing aluminum chlorohydrate are preferred because of their possession of high concentration of active ingredients and often combined with deodorants. Use them under your armpits, sweaty palms or soles of your feet after each bathe and at bedtime regularly;
6. Use powder on the offensive areas regularly: Sprinkle some baking soda, talc, baby powder or corn starch under the armpit or across the body so as to absorb many odours produced;
7. Wash your clothes regularly: Form the habit of washing your clothes including your underwear regularly with odour fighting detergents and try to change your clothes on daily basis. Rub these clothes especially the underwear, pants and singlets with liquids or substances containing hydrogen peroxide as an added maintenance strategy because, hydrogen peroxide has been found to be very helpful in reducing the number of odour causing bacteria;
8. Avoid spicy or pungent foods: Frequent consumption of foods containing garlic, curry or cumin can cause some over-powering odours to emanate from your pores up to twenty-four hours after consumption. For people with fish-like form of body odour, the following foods which are rich in lecithin, chloride or carnitine / lysine should be avoided or kept to a small part of their daily diet. They include: chocolate, peanuts, nuts, raisins, cereals (carnitine / lysine) eggs, soya products, corn whit germ(Chlorine / lecithin). Try cutting down on these foods, in addition to caffeinated drinks. Instead of these, greater emphasis should be laid on eating vegetables, rice and fruits-with fish or poultry products as protein sources for non-vegetarians.
9. Drink plenty of water: To help prevent dehydration, heat exhaustion and heatstroke, drink plenty of water regularly. By the time you feel thirsty, you are already dehydrated. If you are exercising, drink water before, during and after your exercises and always choose to exercise when it is cooler especially in the early hours of the mornings and the later part of the evenings;
10. Put on a hat regularly: Always keep your head covered when exercising or walking outdoors in hot weather to reduce your body’s propensity to sweat;
11. At regular intervals (at your convenience though) expose your body to natural breeze to dry up accumulated sweat and moist areas;
12. Dry your feet thoroughly after bathing: Micro-organisms thrive in damp spaces between toes. Therefore, use foot powder, foot therapy or a clean dry towel to dry up or help absorb sweat formed on them. Go bare-footed whenever you can or at least, slip out of your shoes as often as you can to allow air to touch your feet;
13. Wear natural fabric clothings such as: cotton, wool or silk that will allow your skin to breathe. When you exercise, you might prefer high-tech fabric that takes moisture away from your skin. Rotate your shoes as shoes wont dry up completely overnight, so, try not to put on the same shoe in succession of two days, if you have sweaty feet. Choose shoes and socks made of natural materials such as leather. This can help prevent sweaty feet by allowing them to breath. Your choice of socks should include those made of cotton and wool as they help keep feet dry and absorb moisture. Try to change socks regularly and ensure that they are clean and dry before putting them on;
14. Try relaxation techniques: Consider some relaxation techniques such as Yoga, meditation or biofeedback as they can help you to control stress that triggers off perspiration;
15. Pay attention to your body signs: Don’t ignore the waning signs and symptoms of heat stress such as muscle cramps, nausea, dizziness or weakness;
16. After going to the toilet, clean your ‘bombom’ (anus) very well with clean and soft tissue paper. For the interest of those who use water to clean their ‘bombom’ after going to the toilet, I think I welcome the idea and therefore, recommend it to others because, it cleans better, very economical in monetary terms and guarantees total cleaning. Remember to use toilet soap along with it to clean your ‘bombom’ and your hands after excreting;
17. Form good hygiene habits:
i) Clean your environments properly and regularly;
ii) Evacuate bins and clear gutters around you regularly;
iii) Wash your clothes and beddings regularly as they become dirty before putting them on;
iv) Wash your face very well and use Mineral Mist (for those with delicate skin) before rubbing face cleanser on it regualarly. You can equally use bristle brush on it.Have a haircut and shave-off hair on armpits and private parts regularly. The women should ensure proper drying-up of their hair anytime they go for hair treatment. If you experience hair loss, please click here before you continue. Use inviting wetlips on your lips regularly to keep it wet and sexy always.
v) Treat every known sore or cuts in the head as well as dandruff, ringworm or any other infectious diseases;
vi) Clean the ear with soft cotton wool or cotton board regularly;
vii) Clean your nostrils regularly with very clean and soft cloth or handkerchief; and
viii) Bathe at least twice daily with antibacterial soap;
ix) Rub your foot regularly with foot relief creams

18. If the source of odour to you is the Mouth, do the following:
i) Pick-up chewing stick, turn it to the handle side and use it to scrap your tongue inside out (gently though). As you do this, you will notice that whitish substances will be formed. Throw them out as you scrap because, that is what causes odour;
ii) Using the same chewing stick or another one, chew it in the usual way but this time, concentrate your efforts on the tongues, gums around bases of teeth, small holes between teeth created by bacteria popularly known as periodontal pockets or ‘gum diseases’;
iii) Use toothpick to remove particles of food hanging between teeth that may have been there for a long time. After this, use clean water to rinse off debris of these particles from your mouth;
iv) Use toothpaste or mouth wash as recommended by your dental care provider; and
v) If you make these procedures outlined above a daily affair, I bet it, you will not experience mouth odour again;
19. If the source of your odour is the armpit, do the following:
i) Shave off the hair on the armpit and do this regularly;
ii) Then, rub palm oil (also known as red oil) on the armpits;
iii) Allow about fifteen minutes ;
iv) Then, take a bath with clean water (add water purifier) and use antibacterial soap. Then rub cream all over your body before going out; and
v) You come out free from odour and smelling fresh;

20. If the source of your odour is as a result of skin diseases like eczyma, acne, wrinkles, burns, e.t.c, do the following:

Method 1
i) Scrub the affected areas with brush or hard bathing sponge so as to expose the affected areas to the medication you want to apply;
ii) Use antibacterial Soap to take your bathe mornings and evenings;
iii) After your bathe,, rub original spot removing cream allover the affected areas mornings and evenings; and
iv) Repeat this exercise for two weeks. That will put an end to the eczyma as well as the odour.

Method 2
i) In the same way, scrub the affected areas with hard bathing sponge;
ii) Squeeze enough quantity of bitter leaf and use the water to rub the affected areas with it;
iii) Allow about ten minutes;
iv) Use ‘antibacterial Soap’ to take your bathe;
v) Do this morning and night for two weeks and best results will be yours.
Whichever method you prefer, I guarantee you freedom from eczyma and body odour;

21. If the source of your odour is as a result of excessive sweating, do the following;
i) Mix a small quantity of baking soda with white vinegar on your palm and use it to rub all over your body ensuring that it gets into your skin very well;
ii) Take your bath with any antibacterial soap morning and evening;
iii) Allow about a minute or two;
iv) Rinse off very well with clean water and use cream
v) Repeat these actions for a week and you will be free;

22. If the source of odour to you is the vagina (women), do the following:
Method 1
i) Shave off the hair on the private part;
ii) Slice grape into two or more parts and use them part by part while squatting down, to scrub hard on the openings to the inside of the vagina (morning and night);
iii) Use antibacterial soap to take your bath concentrating on the shallow openings of the vagina. Also, use skin brightener cream and
iv) Repeat exercise for about two weeks and be free from vagina odour.

Method 2
If you have discovered that your vagina odour is as a result of infectious diseases like ‘vaginitis’ comprising bacteria vaginosis (Bv), yeast infections, trichomoniasis (tricho) or atrophic vaginitis, do the following with the consent and recommendation of your health care provider who must be a qualified medical doctor:
1. Bacteria Vaginosis (Bv):
Two antibiotics can be used (a) Metronidazole (vaginally or orally) and (b) Clindamycin (vaginally or orally)
(a) Metronidazole orally:
Take (flagyl ® 500mg twice a day, for 7 days (85% cure) OR
(b) Take Clindamycin (Cleocin ® 300mg orally twice a day for 7 days (94% cure) OR
(c) Take Clindazole vaginal cream 0.75% (Metrogel ® 1 to be applied intravaginally each day for five days (75% cure)
(d) Other therapies include: Metronidazole 2000mg orally as a single dose of (4) (500mg tablets) (84% cure) OR
(e) Clindamycin 2%, vaginal cream 1 (5grams) to be applied intravaginally each day for 7 days (86% cure) OR
(f) Metronidazole vaginal cream 0.75% (Metrogel ® 1 to be applied intravaginally each day for 3 days (75% cure). (Source: Beckmann, CRB et. Alleds) “Obstetrics and Gynaecology” 3rd edition. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1998, Sobel, JD: “Vaginitis”) N, Engl J. Med 1997; 337 (26); 1896-903. 3M National Vaginitis Association).

2. Yeast infections (e.g. Candida albicans) Treatment alternatives:
i) Femstat Cream (5 grams) in the vagina every night for 3 days OR
ii) Gyne-Lotrimin One 100 milligrams vaginal tablet everyday for 7 days OR
iii) Mycelex-GOne (500 milligram) Vaginal tablet once OR (5 grams)of vagina cream everyday for 7 to 14 days OR
iv) Monistat: One Monistat (7 vaginal suppository) every night for 7 days OR one Monistat (3 vaginal suppository) every night for 3 days OR
v) Nizoral one 200 milligrams tablet taken orally once or twice daily for 7 to 14 days OR
vi) Mycostatinl vagina tablet everyday for 7 to 14 days OR
vii) Terazol vaginal suppository every night for 3 days OR (5 grams) of Terazol (3 creams) in the vagina every night for 3 days or (5 grams) of Terazol (7 creams) in the vagina every night for 7 days OR
viii) Boric Acidone (600milligrams) vaginal capsule everyday for 14 days.

3. Trichomoniasis (Tricho):
Metronidazole (flagyl) is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis. A single dose of 2000 milligrams (four 500 milligrams tablets taken by mouth all at once) usually works well. If not, the treatment is generally extended over 7 days (either 250 milligrams 3 times daily or 500 milligrams twice daily). To prevent re-infection, your sexual partner must be treated as well. The use of metronidazole in pregnancy is controversial. Many doctors avoid prescribing this medication at least until the second or third trimesters. If you are pregnant and have trichomoniasis, anti-yeast vaginal creams, which also affect trichomonads, will provide significant relief.
If you are unsure whether you are pregnant, take a pregnancy test at least two weeks after your last sexual intercourse or simply delay starting treatment with metronidazole until your menstrual period begins. This drug interacts with alcohol, causing abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Therefore, it is important not to drink alcohol beverages while taking this medication. If you have active liver disease, certain blood disorders, current or past seizures or a history of metronidazole, you should avoid using this medication.

4. Atrophic Vaginitis:
If your odour problem is as a result of atrophic vaginitis, it can easily be remedied with good personal lubricants (such as: Astroglide, Replens or KY lubricating jelly) as well as using hormone replacement therapy. Apply them as recommended by your Doctor; and

23. Finally, consult your doctor if your odour status does not improve after all these. It may be sign of serious illness. Your doctor may provide you with instructions on how to pay close attention to your digestion or the cleanliness of your digestion tract, your colon or other areas of your body.




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